Global environmental issues

There where three factors that caused the human impact on earth's ecological system. The first was the explosion of human numbers, the population of human quadruple in one single century. Second, was the ability for humans to tap the energy potential fossil fuels which then cause humans to make new resources. Lastly, the contribution to environmental transformation caused an economic growth because with science the production of goods increased. Because of these factors many forest and grasslands where used as cropland which meant that many of plants and animals began to disappear. This was not the only problem because then came pollution in many cities which killed around 35,000 people every year.
In the first half of the twentieth century people began to be aware that they needed to preserve land form human disruption. It was not until the second half of the twentieth century that people began to respond. In the early 1990s around 14 million Americans began to join environmental organizations, because they where scared that the contamination would threaten their lives, animals, and plants. Many movements began to happen when companies wanted changes in political and social structure of their countries. Because of all the environmental problem happening in the late twentieth century businesses where pushed into a "green" direction. And people had to alter their way of life.

Religious Fundamentalism

Supernatural religion was headed to extinction in the face of modernity, science, communism, or globalization. In many places like Britain, France, the Netherlands, and the Soviet Union the religious belief and practice had began to decline. The spread of scientific culture around the world began to pursued minorities. This meant that as religion decreased, science increase. People were more involved in science rather than in their religious faith or believes. Many people believe in the idea that they opposed any modern ideas, they wanted to stay with the faith that they believed in. They wanted to return to the scriptures, the virgin birth and physical resurrection of Jesus, and a belief in miracles. Fundamentalist wanted to return America into the "Godly" path. In the Islamic world they also wanted to return the Islamic principals, they wanted to use the Quran and the Sharia which provided a guide for all of life, political, economic, and spiritual. A while after in the Islamic world people became more religiously observant, and began to dress in their Islamic dress. During the time of religious fundamentalism was to challenge global modernity on culture and spiritual grounds. They wanted to return back to their religion after many things that changed during the scientific revolution that caused many things to change and where people forgot about their faith.

Feminist movements around the world

The 20th century witness the globalization of feminism, where they wanted to address the concerns of women took shape across the world. Feminism took hold in many cultural and political settings, where they confronted different issues, adopted different strategies, and experienced many outcomes. In the west women were most focus on employment and education rather than voting rights. The women of African decent in the United States and Britain established their own organizations, and they focused on racism and poverty. Their rights where different as the normal white women, they where treated differently. The most affected  women where the ones who lived in poverty because they did not have as much rights as the middle or higher class women.
Science and the secular focus of global modernity began to challenge the beliefs of supernatural religion. but then technology was seen as a way to communicate their ideas and  beliefs. Religion began to open up more to new ideas. This is really good because the world began to become more modern and if religion did not change people would not of continued following.

Economic globalization; American exceptionalism in the post-modern world

Globalization became a huge part of the world. Globalization is the immense growth in the international economic transactions. It has been said that globalization was a natural process, inevitable, and unstoppable. I do not think that there was a way to stop it, because in order for us to evolve they world had to go through a lot of change.  Technology was a major contribution to the acceleration of the economic globalization. An example is shipping huge oil tankers, and air express services lowered transportation cost but fiber optic cables and the internet provided the communication. During the 1970s it seemed as entire world was a "single market".

Money became an amazing mobility in three ways. First the foreign direct investment where rich countries take advantage of cheap labor, tax breaks and looser environmental regulations. Second the form of money in motion has been in short- term movement and where investors spend trillions of dollars purchasing foreign currencies and stocks, that they think will increase in value. Lastly, capital movement involved the personal funds of individual. Many people also migrated into other countries in search of better job. Many also left home because of political oppression or civil war at home.

Putin's challenge

The Ubykh no longer exist in their homeland,but there are around 40,000 living in Turkey and many more families in other countries. The last remaining Ubykh speaker dying was in 1992. They are concerned that in the coming decades, the Circassian culture and identity may be completely destroyed and forgotten. During the 19th century many of the the Circassians fought so weak that the Russians decided to remove them from there land, either by death or deportation. Around 1.5 million Circassian were killed. The President Vladimir Putin gave his speech to the International Olympic Committee in 2007. He described Sochi as a place inhabited by ancient Greeks and does not mention of the Circassians.

The Circassians are also proud of their identity as Muslims and played a  central role in the history of Islam. Those who where able to survive the battles in the mountains were forced into camps on the Black Sea coast. Then where loaded on ships towards Turkey. Adolph Petrovich Berzhe, a Russian scholar said," I shall never forget the overwhelming impression made on me by the mountaineers in Novorossiisk Bay, where about seventeen thousand of them were gathered on the shore. The late, inclement and cold time of year,/ young Circassian woman lying in rags on the damp ground under the open sky with two infants, one struggling in his death-throws while the other sought to assuage his hunger at his dead mother's breast?" This is really sad because most of the children where not only dying of the cold but also because of hunger. The only country who gave them the most rights to Circassians is Israel. They are allowed to preserve "every single aspect of our identity. 

Putin is thinking of  promoting the modern and multiethnic new Russia. If he does continue on his vision is to extend human rights, dignity with full respect for identity, democratic representation and economic opportunities to all citizens. This will be the only way to ensure a progressive, secure and stable Russia. I do not think that it is right for the government to decide whether a group of people should be extinct and be forgotten because everyone comes from different places and those beliefs and ways go being can not be easy to forget. 

Post- colonial Africa and Asia

Mandela was a South African nationalist leader who was taken to trial for sabotage, and conspiracy to overthrow the apartheid government of his country. He was in prison for 27 years, and was released from prison in 1990. When he was released from prison four years later in 1994, South Africa held his first election in which blacks and white were able to vote, and he became the first black African president. Mandela wanted to free the African from the whites, the whites wanted to keep controlling which was unfair for the Africans who wanted to start a new life.

At the end of the twentieth century the end of the european empires seemed as something natural. It was like everyone knew that it was going to happen at any time. Many where predicting that it would happen and the idea that the only legitimate government is self-government. With the fall of the european colonial empires new nation-states became to rise.  During this time millions of people decided to join Gandhi's nonviolent campaigns, many went on strikes and others joined political parties. Gandhi was a person who believed in avoiding any violence, but I think that during that time they had to gain independence no matter what way even if they had to be violent or not. Gandhi also opposed many things like modern industrial future.